Hanging Wall Faults

Any fault plane can be completely described with two measurements. In fault fault plane is called the hanging wall or headwall. When movement along a fault is the reverse of what you would expect with normal gravity we call them reverse faults.

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The fault strike is the direction of the line of intersection between the fault plane and earth s surface.

Hanging wall faults.

The dip of a fault plane is its angle of inclination measured from the horizontal. Moving the hanging wall up an inclined fault requires work to overcome friction on the fault and the downward pull of gravity. If the hanging wall moves to the left the earthquake is called right lateral if it moves to the right it s called a left lateral fault. The block below is called the footwall.

Its strike and its dip. You probably noticed that the blocks that move on either side of a reverse or normal fault slide up. The hanging wall will slide upwards right. Occurs where the hanging wall moves up or is thrust over the foot wall.

The line it makes on the earth s surface is the fault trace. A dip slip fault in which the upper block above the fault plane moves up and over the lower block. An upthrown block between two normal faults dipping away from each other is a horst. Where the fault plane is sloping as with normal and reverse faults the upper side is the hanging wall and the lower side is the footwall.

Strike slip faults have a different type of movement than normal and reverse faults. Occurs when the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall reverse fault. When the hanging wall moves horizontally it s a strike slipearthquake. This type of faulting is common in areas of compression when the dip angle is shallow a reverse fault is often described as a thrust fault.

In a normal fault the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall. A downthrown block between two normal faults dipping towards each other is a graben. Low angle normal faults with regional tectonic significance may be designated detachment faults. When the fault plane is vertical there is no hanging wall or footwall.

It is a flat surface that may be vertical or sloping.

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